Oncology

Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is one of the rarest gynecological malignancies, accounting for 0.18% to 1.6% of all malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive tract, and typically presents in the 5th and the 6th decades of life. The etiology of fallopian tube carcinoma is unknown.

Explore chapters on malignant struma ovarii, ovarian dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumors, and Immature teratoma.

Explore a sub-section on specialized stromal cell tumors and a chapter on ovarian fibroma and fibrothecoma.

The ovary is a common site of metastases from malignant tumors. Most metastases in the ovaries originate in the gastrointestinal tract or the breast. The distinction between primary and metastatic ovarian neoplasm is of critical importance, since surgical cytoreduction is the treatment of choice for the former.

Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are epithelial tumors with low grade of malignancy.  BOTs account for 10–15% of epithelial ovarian tumors. These tumors occur in younger women, with almost 30% of patients younger than 40 years, and are often diagnosed at an earlier stage than invasive carcinomas.

Explore chapters on Serous carcinoma, Mucinous carcinoma, Clear cells carcinoma, Endometrioid carcinoma, and Ovarian carcinosarcoma.

Uterine sarcomas are rare malignant tumors arising from the mesenchymal tissues of the uterus, i.e. the endometrial stroma, uterine muscle and connective tissue. They represent 1% of female genital tract malignancies and 3-7% of all uterine malignances.

Endometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract, affecting 2-3% of women during their lifetime. The median age at diagnosis is 60-65 years and the most commonly associated risk-factor is obesity.